ICM (Institute of Commercial Management) PAPERS

PROFESSIONAL CERTIFICATES, DIPLOMAS, ADVANCED DIPLOMAS AND ASSOCIATE DEGREES
ACCOUNTING AND FINANCE
6. Business Law
PART A Formation of Contract:

  • What is a Contract?
  • The Intention to Create Legal Relations
  • Offer
  • Termination of an Offer
  • Acceptance
  • Agreement without Offer & Acceptance
  • The Nature of Consideration
  • Executory, Executed & Past Consideration
  • Sufficiency of Consideration
  • Privity of Contract

Terms of Contract:

  • The Terms of Contract
  • Incomplete Contracts Conditions & Warranties
  • Oral Evidence Relating to Contracts in Writing
  • Representations & Contract Terms
  • Implied Terms
  • The Required Form of Contracts
  • Exclusion Clauses
  • The Unfair Contract Terms Act 1977
  • The Unfair Terms in Consumer Contracts Regulations 1994

Vitiating Factors:

  • Contractual Capacity
  • Mistake
  • Misrepresentation
  • Duress
  • Undue Influence
  • Void & Illegal Contracts

Discharge of Contract

  • How a Contract Comes to an End
  • Performance
  • Agreement
  • Breach of Contract
  • Frustration
  • Remedies Available for Breach of Contract
  • Damages
  • Action for the Price
  • Equitable
  • Remedies
  • Limitation to Actions for Breach
  • Quasi-Contract

PART B
Agency:

  • The Creation of Agency
  • The Duties of an Agent
  • The Rights of an Agent
  • The Authority of an Agent
  • Liability of the Parties
  • Agents Acting for Undisclosed Principals
  • Termination of Agency
  • Special Types of Agent


PART C
Definition of a Contract for the ‘Sale of Goods’:

  • Types of Goods
  • The Price
  • Terms Implied by the Sale of Goods Act 1979 & Changes made by the Sales & Supply of Goods Act 1994 (S.14)
  • Time of Performance
  • Seller’s Title
  • Description of the Goods
  • Sale by Sample
  • Satisfactory Quality & Fitness for Purpose
  • Passing of Property & Risk
  • Nemo Dat Quod Non Habet
  • Delivery
  • Acceptance & Rejection
  • Remedies of the Parties, Romalpa Clauses
  • The Supply of Goods & Services Act 1982


PART D
Consumer Credit:

  • Forms of Consumer Credit
  • What is a Regulated Agreement?
  • The Classification of Regulated Agreements
  • The Protection of Debtors
  • Lenders Liability
  • Termination of Credit Agreements
  • Extortionate Credit Bargains
  • Consumer Credit Licensing, Advertising & Canvassing
  • Credit Cards


Consumer Protection:

  • Consumer Protection
  • Trade Descriptions
  • Consumer Safety
  • Product Liability


PART E
Tort:

  • Tort & Other Wrongs
  • Wrong & Damage Distinguished
  • Remoteness of Damage
  • Vicarious Liability
  • Strict Liability
  • Defences to an Action in Tort
  • Contributory Negligence
  • Remedies in Tort
  • Conversion
  • Nuisance
  • Defamation
  • Definition
  • Libel and Slander
  • Action and Defences


Negligence:

  • Negligence
  • Duty of Care
  • Breach of Duty of Care
  • Res Ipsa Loquitur
  • Consequential Harm
  • Negligent Mis-statement


PART F
The Nature of a Company:

  • The Company as a Legal Entity
  • The Veil of Incorporation
  • Companies & Partnerships
  • A Company’s Liability in Tort & Crime
  • Public & Private Companies
  • Holding & Subsidiary Companies


Formation of a Company:

  • Promoters & Pre-Incorporation Contracts
  • Registration Procedures
  • Commencement of Business
  • Company Contracts


Memorandum & Articles:

  • Purpose & Contents of the Memorandum
  • The Company Name
  • Registered Office Objects
  • Articles of Association
  • Alteration of the Articles
  • The Memorandum & Articles as Contracts

Meetings:

  • Types of Meeting
  • Convening a Meeting
  • Proxies
  • Types of Resolution
  • The Assent Principle


Liquidations & Other Insolvency Procedures:

  • Methods of Dissolution
  • Liquidations
  • Compulsory Liquidation
  • Voluntary Liquidation
  • Liquidation Committee
  • Contributories
  • Powers of Liquidators
  • Duties of Liquidators
  • Alternatives to Liquidation
  • Administration Orders
  • Voluntary Arrangements


Directors:

  • Appointment
  • Shareholdings
  • Termination of Office
  • Disqualification
  • Powers and Dealings


PART G
Partnerships

  • Definition


PART H
Employing Labour

  • Employer - Employee - Vicarious Liability
  • Independent Contractors
  • Contracts of Service and Contracts for Services
  • Continuous Employment
  • Rights and Duties of the Parties to a Contract of Employment
  • Equal Pay
  • Fair and Unfair Dismissal
  • Obligations of Employers and Employees
  • Grievance Procedures

Reading List
Business Law, Keenan and Riches 8th Edition, Longmans.

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ICM (Institute of Commercial Management) PAPERS